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  <Article>
    <Journal>
      <PublisherName>ijcicr</PublisherName>
      <JournalTitle>International Journal of Clinical Investigation and Case Reports</JournalTitle>
      <PISSN>C</PISSN>
      <EISSN>l</EISSN>
      <Volume-Issue>Volume 1, Issue 2</Volume-Issue>
      <PartNumber/>
      <IssueTopic>Multidisciplinary</IssueTopic>
      <IssueLanguage>English</IssueLanguage>
      <Season>(Aug-Oct)</Season>
      <SpecialIssue>N</SpecialIssue>
      <SupplementaryIssue>N</SupplementaryIssue>
      <IssueOA>Y</IssueOA>
      <PubDate>
        <Year>2022</Year>
        <Month>08</Month>
        <Day>23</Day>
      </PubDate>
      <ArticleType>Endocrinology</ArticleType>
      <ArticleTitle>Impact of COVID-19 Restrictions on Outcomes of Patients with Cholelithiasis during the Pandemic</ArticleTitle>
      <SubTitle/>
      <ArticleLanguage>English</ArticleLanguage>
      <ArticleOA>Y</ArticleOA>
      <FirstPage>39</FirstPage>
      <LastPage>44</LastPage>
      <AuthorList>
        <Author>
          <FirstName>Constanza S.</FirstName>
          <LastName>Pereyra</LastName>
          <AuthorLanguage>English</AuthorLanguage>
          <Affiliation/>
          <CorrespondingAuthor>N</CorrespondingAuthor>
          <ORCID/>
          <FirstName>Franco J.</FirstName>
          <LastName>Ortiz</LastName>
          <AuthorLanguage>English</AuthorLanguage>
          <Affiliation/>
          <CorrespondingAuthor>Y</CorrespondingAuthor>
          <ORCID/>
          <FirstName>Manque F.</FirstName>
          <LastName>Mozetic</LastName>
          <AuthorLanguage>English</AuthorLanguage>
          <Affiliation/>
          <CorrespondingAuthor>Y</CorrespondingAuthor>
          <ORCID/>
          <FirstName>Cecilia L.</FirstName>
          <LastName>Sforza</LastName>
          <AuthorLanguage>English</AuthorLanguage>
          <Affiliation/>
          <CorrespondingAuthor>Y</CorrespondingAuthor>
          <ORCID/>
          <FirstName>Daniel</FirstName>
          <LastName>E.Tripoloni</LastName>
          <AuthorLanguage>English</AuthorLanguage>
          <Affiliation/>
          <CorrespondingAuthor>Y</CorrespondingAuthor>
          <ORCID/>
          <FirstName>Marcelo J.</FirstName>
          <LastName>Fasano</LastName>
          <AuthorLanguage>English</AuthorLanguage>
          <Affiliation/>
          <CorrespondingAuthor>Y</CorrespondingAuthor>
          <ORCID/>
          <FirstName>Marina A.</FirstName>
          <LastName>Antelo</LastName>
          <AuthorLanguage>English</AuthorLanguage>
          <Affiliation/>
          <CorrespondingAuthor>Y</CorrespondingAuthor>
          <ORCID/>
          <FirstName>Alberto R. Ferreres*</FirstName>
          <LastName>(ARGENTINA)</LastName>
          <AuthorLanguage>English</AuthorLanguage>
          <Affiliation/>
          <CorrespondingAuthor>Y</CorrespondingAuthor>
          <ORCID/>
        </Author>
      </AuthorList>
      <DOI>10.55828/ijcicr-12-08</DOI>
      <Abstract>Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic restrictions forced the postponement of most elective surgeries for pathologies that did not represent an imminent risk to life. This delay caused significantly higher Re-admission and complication rates in patients with cholelithiasis during the pandemic, compared to those who presented before the pandemic (p-value=0.0001).&#13;
&#13;
Objective: To evaluate the impact of delayed surgical management of symptomatic gallstones, during the Covid-19 pandemic, on the complication and re-admission rates.&#13;
&#13;
Design type: a descriptive retrospective.&#13;
&#13;
Method: A cohort of patients hospitalized with pancreatobiliary pathology during the pandemic was compared to a control group who presented before the pandemic. Two groups were compared for the incidence of gallstone complications and re-admission rates. Primary or secondary neoplastic pathologies associated with gallstones were excluded.&#13;
&#13;
Results: During the pre-pandemic period, between March 2019 and March 2020, a total of 408 patients with pancreatobiliary pathology were hospitalized. Out of 408 patients, 204 (50%) were admitted with acute biliary cholecystitis, 132 patients with acute pancreatitis (32.4%), and 72 patients with extrahepatic cholestasis (17.6%). 324 (79%) patients underwent surgery and 36 (8.82%) patients out of the remaining 84 (20.6%) patients were readmitted. The average hospital stay for patients with surgery was 4 days ---PlusMinusSymbol--- 1.6 days, while for those with non-surgical treatment was 7 days ---PlusMinusSymbol--- 1.4 days. From March 2020 to March 2021, a total number of 536 patients were hospitalized, including 252 (47%) with acute biliary cholecystitis, 144 (26.9%) with acute pancreatitis, and 128 (23.9%) with extrahepatic cholestasis and 12 with acute cholangitis (2.2%). 308 (57.5%) patients underwent surgery and 104 (19.4%) patients of the remaining 228 (42.5%) patients were readmitted. The average hospital stay for patients with surgery was 3 days ---PlusMinusSymbol--- 1.3 days, while for those with non-surgical treatment was 7 days ---PlusMinusSymbol--- 1.5 days.&#13;
&#13;
Conclusions: The comparison of both groups showed a higher incidence of gallstone complications during the pandemic, associated with the preference of medical over surgical management. The higher incidence of complications were seen and associated with a decrease in the number of scheduled laparoscopic cholecystectomies.</Abstract>
      <AbstractLanguage>English</AbstractLanguage>
      <Keywords>COVID-19,Gallstones,Evolutionary Complications,Difficult Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy,Cholelithiasis</Keywords>
      <URLs>
        <Abstract>https://ijcicr.com/ubijournal-v1copy/journals/abstract.php?article_id=14061&amp;title=Impact of COVID-19 Restrictions on Outcomes of Patients with Cholelithiasis during the Pandemic</Abstract>
      </URLs>
      <References>
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        <ReferencesfirstPage>16</ReferencesfirstPage>
        <ReferenceslastPage>19</ReferenceslastPage>
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    </Journal>
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